From the rolling hills of the Blue Ridge Mountains to the fertile valleys of the Yadkin River, this area is home to a wide variety of plant and animal species that thrive in its diverse habitats.
Flora
One of the most striking features of Surry County’s landscape is its lush, verdant forests. The area is home to a mix of hardwood and coniferous trees, including oak, hickory, maple, and pine species. In the spring, the forest floor comes alive with a vibrant display of wildflowers, such as trilliums, violets, and jack-in-the-pulpits. These plants and trees add to the region’s scenic beauty and provide essential habitat and food sources for the abundant wildlife species.
Trees
Here is a list of 30 common trees found in Surry County, North Carolina. These trees represent a mix of hardwood and coniferous species that are well-adapted to the climate and soil conditions of the Blue Ridge foothills. Many of these trees provide important habitat and food sources for local wildlife and valuable timber resources for human use.
- American Beech (Fagus grandifolia)
- American Elm (Ulmus americana)
- American Holly (Ilex opaca)
- American Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
- Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica)
- Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
- Black Oak (Quercus velutina)
- Black Walnut (Juglans nigra)
- Chestnut Oak (Quercus montana)
- Common Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana)
- Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
- Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
- Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)
- Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
- Hickory (Carya spp.)
- Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda)
- Mockernut Hickory (Carya tomentosa)
- Northern Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
- Pignut Hickory (Carya glabra)
- Red Maple (Acer rubrum)
- River Birch (Betula nigra)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata)
- Shortleaf Pine (Pinus echinata)
- Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)
- Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)
- Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera)
- Virginia Pine (Pinus virginiana)
- White Oak (Quercus alba)
Wildflowers & Flowering Shrubs
Below are just a few examples of the many beautiful and ecologically important flowering plants found in the area. By exploring the region’s parks, trails, and natural areas, visitors can discover a wealth of botanical diversity and enjoy the stunning displays of wildflowers that make this area special.
- Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): This bright yellow flower with a dark brown center blooms from June to September and is a common sight in fields, roadsides, and open woodlands.
- Butterfly Weed (Asclepias tuberosa): Known for its vibrant orange flowers, this milkweed species is a crucial food source for monarch butterfly larvae.
- Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis): This striking red flower blooms in late summer and is often found along streams and in moist woodlands.
- Trillium (Trillium spp.): Several species of trillium, including the Large-flowered Trillium and the Painted Trillium, can be found in the rich, moist soils of the forest floor.
- Fire Pink (Silene virginica): This brilliant red flower blooms in late spring and early summer, adding a pop of color to the woodland landscape.
- Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia): This evergreen shrub produces clusters of pink and white flowers in late spring and early summer, making it a favorite among hikers and nature enthusiasts.
- Rhododendron (Rhododendron spp.): Several species of rhododendron, including the Catawba Rhododendron and the Rosebay Rhododendron, are native to the Blue Ridge foothills and produce stunning displays of large, showy flowers.
- Flame Azalea (Rhododendron calendulaceum): This deciduous shrub is known for its vibrant orange, yellow, and red flowers that bloom in late spring and early summer.
- Sweetshrub (Calycanthus floridus): Also known as Carolina Allspice, this shrub produces unique, dark red flowers with a strong, sweet fragrance.
- Mountain Witch Alder (Fothergilla major): This deciduous shrub features bottlebrush-like white flowers in spring and beautiful fall foliage in shades of yellow, orange, and red.
- Dogwood (Cornus florida): The state flower of North Carolina, the dogwood tree produces showy white or pink flowers in early spring before its leaves emerge.
- Redbud (Cercis canadensis): This small tree is one of the earliest to bloom in spring, with vibrant pink or purple flowers lining its branches before the heart-shaped leaves appear.
- Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum): Known for its delicate, white, bell-shaped flowers that bloom in summer and its brilliant red fall foliage, the sourwood tree is a favorite among honey producers.
- Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera): This tall, stately tree features unique, tulip-shaped flowers in shades of green, yellow, and orange, which bloom in late spring and early summer.
- Serviceberry (Amelanchier spp.): Several species of serviceberry, also known as shadbush or Juneberry, are native to the Blue Ridge foothills and produce delicate white flowers in early spring, followed by edible berries that are popular with both humans and wildlife.
Medicinal Plants
While these medicinal plants have a long history of use, it’s important to note that many of them can be toxic in large doses and may interact with certain medications. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before using any medicinal plant, and never harvest plants from the wild without proper knowledge and permission.
- American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius): This slow-growing perennial is highly prized for its medicinal properties. The roots are used to help boost energy, reduce stress, and improve overall health. However, due to overharvesting, wild ginseng populations are now threatened.
- Black Cohosh (Actaea racemosa): Also known as Black Snakeroot or Fairy Candle, this perennial herb has been used to treat menopausal symptoms, menstrual cramps, and other gynecological issues. It can be found in rich, moist woodlands.
- Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis): This spring-flowering perennial gets its name from the reddish-orange sap that oozes from its rhizomes when cut. The sap has been used to treat skin conditions, such as warts and skin tags, and the rhizomes have been used to make cough syrups and other respiratory remedies.
- Echinacea (Echinacea spp.): Several species of echinacea, including Purple Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) and Narrow-leaved Coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia), are native to the region. The roots and leaves of these plants are used to boost the immune system and help fight off colds and flu.
- Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis): This perennial herb, known for its thick, yellow rhizomes, has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including digestive issues, skin problems, and respiratory infections. However, like ginseng, goldenseal populations are threatened due to overharvesting.
- Mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum): This low-growing perennial produces a single, white, waxy flower beneath its umbrella-like leaves. The roots and rhizomes of the plant contain compounds that have been used to treat skin conditions and digestive issues. However, the plant is also toxic in large doses.
- Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata): This climbing vine, known for its exotic, purple and white flowers, has been used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and other nervous system disorders. The leaves and flowers are typically dried and used to make tea.
- Wild Cherry (Prunus serotina): The bark of the wild cherry tree has been used to make cough syrups and other respiratory remedies. The bark contains compounds that help to suppress coughing and ease bronchial spasms.
- Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana): This deciduous shrub, known for its yellow, spidery flowers that bloom in late fall, has been used to treat a variety of skin conditions, including insect bites, bruises, and inflammation. The leaves and bark are typically used to make astringent lotions and toners.
Fauna
Surry County’s diverse habitats support a wide array of animal life, from tiny invertebrates to large mammals. One of the most iconic species found in the area is the American Black Bear, which roams the forested slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains. While bear sightings are relatively rare, these majestic creatures play an important role in the ecosystem as a top predator.
Other wild mammals found in Surry County include various species of bats, shrews, moles, voles, mice, and weasels. Each of these animals plays a unique and essential role in maintaining the balance and health of the local ecosystem. The county is also home to a variety of larger mammals, such as white-tailed deer, bobcats, and red foxes. These animals can often be spotted in the early morning or late evening hours, foraging for food in fields and forests.
Here is a list of some of the most notable wild mammals found in the area:
- American Black Bear (Ursus americanus): The largest mammal in the region, black bears are omnivorous and typically shy, avoiding human contact. They inhabit the heavily forested areas of the county.
- Beaver (Castor canadensis): These large, semi-aquatic rodents are known for their ability to modify their habitat by building dams and lodges. They play a crucial role in creating wetlands and promoting biodiversity.
- Bobcat (Lynx rufus): This elusive, medium-sized cat is an important predator in the local ecosystem, helping to control populations of rabbits, rodents, and other small mammals.
- Coyote (Canis latrans): This adaptable predator has expanded its range in recent years and is now found throughout Surry County. They play a crucial role in controlling rodent and small mammal populations.
- Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus): These small, striped rodents are often seen scurrying along the forest floor, gathering seeds and nuts to store in their burrows.
- Eastern Cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus): These small, herbivorous rabbits are common throughout the county and serve as an important prey species for many predators.
- Eastern Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis): A common sight in parks, backyards, and forests, these agile rodents are known for their bushy tails and hoarding behavior.
- Gray Fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus): Slightly smaller than the red fox, the gray fox is an adept climber and is often found in wooded areas with dense undergrowth.
- Groundhog (Marmota monax): Also known as woodchucks, these large, burrowing rodents are herbivores and are often seen basking in the sun or foraging in fields and gardens.
- Raccoon (Procyon lotor): These highly adaptable, nocturnal omnivores are found throughout the county, often near water sources and in wooded areas.
- Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes): Known for its cunning and intelligence, the red fox is a skilled hunter that preys on small mammals, birds, and insects.
- River Otter (Lontra canadensis): These playful, aquatic mammals are excellent swimmers and can be found in the rivers and streams of Surry County.
- Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis): Known for its distinctive black and white coloration and potent scent glands, the striped skunk is an omnivore that helps to control insect and grub populations.
- Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana): North America’s only marsupial, the opossum, is a nocturnal omnivore that plays a vital role in maintaining a balanced ecosystem.
- White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus): These herbivores are common throughout the county and are often seen grazing in fields, meadows, and along forest edges.
The Birds of North Western North Carolina
Birdwatchers will find plenty to enjoy in Surry County, with over 200 species of birds recorded in the area. Some notable species include the Northern Cardinal, Eastern Bluebird, and Pileated Woodpecker. The county also lies along the migratory path of many bird species, making it a prime spot for observing birds during the spring and fall migrations.
These lists provide an overview of the avian diversity found in Surry County, from common backyard birds to rare and elusive species. Remember that the frequency and rarity of bird sightings can vary depending on habitat, season, and migration patterns.
Here are 50 of the most frequently spotted birds in Surry County, North Carolina:
- American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
- American Goldfinch (Spinus tristis)
- American Robin (Turdus migratorius)
- American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)
- Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica)
- Barred Owl (Strix varia)
- Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon)
- Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata)
- Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea)
- Brown Thrasher (Toxostoma rufum)
- Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)
- Carolina Chickadee (Poecile carolinensis)
- Carolina Wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus)
- Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum)
- Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica)
- Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina)
- Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula)
- Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens)
- Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis)
- Eastern Phoebe (Sayornis phoebe)
- Eastern Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus)
- Eastern Wood-Pewee (Contopus virens)
- European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)
- Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis)
- Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias)
- Green Heron (Butorides virescens)
- Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina)
- House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus)
- House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)
- Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea)
- Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
- Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis)
- Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
- Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos)
- Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus)
- Red-bellied Woodpecker (Melanerpes carolinus)
- Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus)
- Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)
- Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)
- Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus)
- Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris)
- Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea)
- Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
- Summer Tanager (Piranga rubra)
- Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)
- Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor)
- Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura)
- White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis)
- Wood Thrush (Hylocichla mustelina)
- Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata)
The 20 rarest birds seen in Surry County, North Carolina:
- Alder Flycatcher (Empidonax alnorum)
- Black-billed Cuckoo (Coccyzus erythropthalmus)
- Connecticut Warbler (Oporornis agilis)
- Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos)
- Henslow’s Sparrow (Centronyx henslowii)
- Kirtland’s Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii)
- Le Conte’s Sparrow (Ammospiza leconteii)
- Least Tern (Sternula antillarum)
- Mississippi Kite (Ictinia mississippiensis)
- Nelson’s Sparrow (Ammospiza nelsoni)
- Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus cooperi)
- Painted Bunting (Passerina ciris)
- Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
- Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus)
- Sandhill Crane (Antigone canadensis)
- Scissor-tailed Flycatcher (Tyrannus forficatus)
- Sedge Wren (Cistothorus stellaris)
- Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus)
- Swainson’s Warbler (Limnothlypis swainsonii)
- Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis)
Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles
Thanks to its numerous rivers, streams, and wetlands, Surry County is home to a diverse array of aquatic life, including several species of fish, amphibians, and reptiles. The Yadkin River, which flows through the heart of the county, is a popular destination for anglers who fish for smallmouth bass, catfish, and sunfish. This list showcases the rich diversity of aquatic life in Surry County, from popular game fish to lesser-known amphibians and reptiles. Each species plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of the local ecosystem, and many serve as indicators of water quality and environmental health.
Fish:
- Black Crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus)
- Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)
- Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
- Brown Bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus)
- Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
- Central Stoneroller (Campostoma anomalum)
- Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
- Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
- Flathead Catfish (Pylodictis olivaris)
- Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)
- Northern Hog Sucker (Hypentelium nigricans)
- Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Redbreast Sunfish (Lepomis auritus)
- Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus)
- Rosyface Shiner (Notropis rubellus)
- Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu)
- Swallowtail Shiner (Notropis procne)
- White Crappie (Pomoxis annularis)
- White Sucker (Catostomus commersonii)
- Yellow Bullhead (Ameiurus natalis)
Amphibians:
- American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)
- American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus)
- Blue Ridge Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea wilderae)
- Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis)
- Fowler’s Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri)
- Green Frog (Lithobates clamitans)
- Mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus)
- Northern Dusky Salamander (Desmognathus fuscus)
- Pickerel Frog (Lithobates palustris)
- Red-spotted Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens)
- Southern Two-lined Salamander (Eurycea cirrigera)
- Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer)
- Spring Salamander (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus)
- Three-lined Salamander (Eurycea guttolineata)
- Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus)
Reptiles:
- Brown Water Snake (Nerodia taxispilota)
- Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina)
- Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis)
- Eastern Mud Turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum subrubrum)
- Eastern Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus)
- Eastern Snapping Turtle (Chelydra serpentina serpentina)
- Eastern Worm Snake (Carphophis amoenus amoenus)
- Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen)
- Northern Red-bellied Cooter (Pseudemys rubriventris)
- Northern Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata)
- Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon sipedon)
- Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta)
- Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata)
- Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus)
- Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)
Conservation Efforts
While Surry County’s natural beauty and biodiversity are truly remarkable, these resources are not without threats. Habitat loss, invasive species, and climate change all pose significant challenges to the region’s flora and fauna.
Fortunately, many organizations and individuals are working to protect and conserve Surry County’s natural heritage. The Piedmont Land Conservancy, for example, protects the region’s land and water resources through conservation easements and other land protection tools. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission also plays a crucial role in managing the county’s wildlife populations and habitats.
Visitors to Surry County can support conservation efforts by practicing Leave No Trace principles, such as packing out trash, staying on designated trails, and respecting wildlife. By working together, we can ensure that the county’s natural wonders will be preserved for future generations.
Conclusion
Surry County is truly a natural treasure, from its lush forests and rolling hills to its diverse array of plant and animal life. Whether you’re an avid hiker, birdwatcher, or simply someone who appreciates the beauty of the great outdoors, this region has something to offer. By experiencing and appreciating the county’s plants and animals and supporting conservation efforts, we can help ensure that these resources will continue to thrive for many years to come.